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http://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/1957/511| Title: | Planning in multi-agent partially observable domains using sparse sampling |
| Authors: | Tadepalli, Prasad Fern, Alan Cull, Paul Poppino, Richard |
| Keywords: | Artificial intelligence Planning Multi-agent Sparse sampling Partially observable Computer games Bomberman POMDP Running time Belief state Sampling |
| Issue Date: | 16-Oct-2013 |
| Description: | Graduation date: 2006 A large number of sequential decision-making problems in uncertain environments can be modeled as Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). In such settings, an agent can observe at each time step the state of the environment and then executes an action, causing a stochastic transition to a new state of the environment and receiving a reward accordingly. In a finite-horizon MDP, the goal of planning is to maximize the expected total payoff over the given horizon. MDPs can be solved using a number of different algorithms whose complexity is generally some low-order polynomial in the number of states and decision-making horizon. Interactive computer games constitute a great platform of development for AI research in learning and planning. Akin to the real-world problems they simulate, they introduce an additional level of complexity. As a matter of fact, in such settings the agent's sensors provide only partial information about the state of the environment, called an observation. These problems can be modeled as partially observable MDPs (POMDPs). At any point in time, the sequence of observations made by the agent so far determines a probability distribution over states, called a belief state. It has been shown that solving a POMDP can be reduced to solving the corresponding MDP on the set of belief states. This planning problem, however, becomes rapidly intractable in large state spaces with a substential number of observations. In this thesis, we adapt the work of Kearns, Mansour and Ng on sparse sampling algorithms to factored POMDP representations of multi-agent partially observable domains. Applying this algorithm to two domains based on popular video games, we show empirically how a randomly sampled look-ahead tree covering only a small fraction of the full look-ahead tree is sufficient to compute near-optimal policies in these settings. We compare the performance of this approach to the classical methods and conclude that sparse sampling dramatically reduces the running time of the planning algorithm and scales well with the number of enemy agents. |
| URI: | http://koha.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/1957/511 |
| Other Identifiers: | http://hdl.handle.net/1957/511 |
| Appears in Collections: | ScholarsArchive@OSU |
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