http://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/123456789/2 2026-04-03T20:55:00Z 2026-04-03T20:55:00Z http://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/123456789/8837 2013-06-01T12:22:35Z 2013-06-01T00:00:00Z

Surface Evolution of the Sun's Magnetic Field: A Historical Review of the Flux-Transport Mechanism This paper reviews our attempts to understand the transport of magnetic flux on the Sun from the Babcock and Leighton models to the recent revisions that are being used to simulate the field over many sunspot cycles. In these models, the flux originates in sunspot groups and spreads outward on the surface via supergranular diffusion; the expanding patterns become sheared by differential rotation, and the remnants are carried poleward by meridional flow. The net result of all of the flux eruptions during a sunspot cycle is to replace the initial polar fields with new fields of opposite polarity. A central issue in this process is the role of meridional flow, whose relatively low speed is near the limit of detection with Doppler techniques. A compelling feature of Leighton’s original model was that it reversed the polar fields without the need for meridional flow. Now, we think that meridional flow is central to the reversal and to the dynamo itself.

2013-06-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/123456789/8835 2013-06-01T12:22:05Z 2013-06-01T00:00:00Z

Sources of Stellar Energy and the Theory of the Internal Constitution of Stars This is a presentation of research into the inductive solution to the problem on the internal constitution of stars. The solution is given in terms of the analytic study of regularities in observational astrophysics. Conditions under which matter exists in stars are not the subject of a priori suppositions, they are the objects of research. In the first part of this research we consider two main correlations derived from observations: "mass-luminosity" and "period - average density of Cepheids". Results we have obtained from the analysis of the correlations are different to the standard theoretical reasoning about the internal constitution of stars. The main results are: (1) in any stars, including even super-giants, the radiant pressure plays no essential part - it is negligible in comparison to the gaseous pressure; (2) inner regions of stars are filled mainly by hydrogen (the average molecular weight is close to 1/2); (3) absorption of light is derived from Thomson dispersion in free electrons; (4) stars have an internal constitution close to polytropic structures of the class 3/2. The results obtained, taken altogether, permit calculation of the physical conditions in the internal constitution of stars, proceeding from their observational characteristics L, M, and R. For instance, the temperature obtained for the centre of the Sun is about 6 million degrees. This is not enough for nuclear reactions. In the second part, the Russell-Hertzsprung diagram, transformed according to physical conditions inside stars shows: the energy output inside stars is a simple function of the physical conditions. Instead of the transection line given by the heat output surface and the heat radiation surface, stars fill an area in the plane of density and temperature. The surfaces coincide, being proof of the fact that there is only one condition - the radiation condition. Hence stars generate their energy not in any reactions. Stars are machines, directly generating radiations. The observed diagram of the heat radiation, the relation "mass-luminosity-radius", cannot be explained by standard physical laws. Stars exist in just those conditions where classical laws are broken, and a special mechanism for the generation of energy becomes possible. Those conditions are determined by the main direction on the diagram and the main point located in the direction. Physical coordinates of the main point have been found using observational data. The constants (physical coordinates) should be included in the theory of the internal constitution of stars which pretend to adequately account for observational data. There in detail manifests the inconsistency of the explanations of stellar energy as given by nuclear reactions, and also calculations as to the percentage of hydrogen and helium in stars. Also considered are peculiarities of some sequences in the Russell-Hertzsprung diagram, which are interesting from the theoretical viewpoint.

2013-06-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/123456789/8833 2013-06-01T12:21:35Z 2013-06-01T00:00:00Z

Is the Biggest Paradigm Shift in the History of Science at Hand? According to a growing number of scientists cosmology is at the end of an era. This era started 100 years ago with the publication of Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity and came at its height in the 1920s when the theory of relativity was used to develop the big bang model. However, at this moment there is a crisis within cosmology. More and more scientists openly doubt the big bang. There are alternatives for the theory of relativity as well as for the big bang model, but so far most scientists are scared to pass over Einstein.

2013-06-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/123456789/8831 2013-06-01T12:21:05Z 2013-06-01T00:00:00Z

Black Holes in Elliptical and Spiral Galaxies and in Globular Clusters Supermassive black holes have been discovered at the centers of galaxies, and also in globular clusters. The data shows correlations between the black hole mass and the elliptical galaxy mass or globular cluster mass. It is shown that this correlation is accurately predicted by a theory of gravity which includes the new dynamics of self-interacting space. In spiral galaxies this dynamics is shown to explain the so-called "dark matter" rotation-curve anomaly, and also explains the Earth based bore-hole g anomaly data. Together these effects imply that the strength of the self-interaction dynamics is determined by the fine structure constant. This has major implications for fundamental physics and cosmology.

2013-06-01T00:00:00Z